Hydraulic transformer, turbine, or the like



May 4 1926.

A. NYDQVIST HYDRAULIC TRANSFORMER, TURBINE OR THE LIKE Filed Dec. 5. 1924 or the like the object of which is to permit,

Patented May 4, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,583,735- PATENT OFFICE.

ANTENOR NYDQVIST, OE TROLLHATTAN, SWEDEN.

HYDRAULIC TRANSFORMER, TURBINE, OR THE LIKE.

Application filed December 5, 1924.- Serial No. 754,112. i

No. 743,730 filed October 15, 1924, I have described an improvement in hydraulic transformers, turbines, pumps, compressors Without any change in the efliciency, varia-' tion of the ratio of gearing of hydraulictransformers, the number of revolutions and the turning moment of turbines, and the pressure and output of compressors and pumps.

According to the said application one of the blade wheels at least is provided with blades composed wholly or partially of movable members which, in order to constitute blade rims, are secured to concentric rings, disks or the like capable of axial displacement. I

According to the present invention the same result may be obtained by mounting the disks or rings carrying the movable blade members so that they may rotate independently relatively to each other and to a common shaft or be locked thereto to rota with said shaft.

In the drawing several arrangements embodying the invention are illustrated.

Fig. 1 is a, longitudinal section of onehalf part of a hydraulic transformer according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side-elevation of the locking mechanism 'of said transformer.

Fig. 3 shows curves representing the moment and output of the transformer shown in Fig. 1.

With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the

numeral 1 indicates the driving or primary shaft and 2 is the driven or secondary shaft. Secured to the shaft 1 which is connected directly or indirectly to a power engine or other power source. is a blade wheel 3 (the primary wheel), and secured to the shaft 2 is a blade wheel 4 (the secondary wheel). Surrounding the secondary wheel 4 is one blade ring 5, the hub of which is rotatably mounted on the secondary shaft 2 or, as shown, on the hub of the secondary wheel 4:

-The ring 5 is, in turn, surrounded by a ring 6 which may be secured to the secondary wheel-4 in any suitable manner as by a ring 40 secured to the ring 6 by means of screws or the like and screwed on a threaded portion of the hub of the secondary wheel.

The ring'5 is formed with a toothed rim 7 adapted to be engaged by a pawl 8 pivoted at 9.to the .member 6. An arm 10 secured to the pivot pin 9 is connected by a link 11 toone end of a bell crank lever 12 pivoted at 13, the other end of which engages a slot formed in abushing or sleeve 14 mounted to slideupon the shaft 2 under the control of a centrifugal governor 15 a bell crank lever 16 the other arm of which engages a slot formed in the bushing or sleeve 1.4. The deflection of the centrifugal governor under the control of the centrifugal forceis counteracted by a spring 17.

In operation, when the secondary shaft 18 at rest or rotates at low speed, the centrifugal governor maintains the pawl 8 into engagement with the toothed rim 7 so that the 70 comprising a weight carried by one arm of ring 5 is caused to rotate together with' the secondary wheel and will, consequently, posltively operate the secondary shaft. At higher speed of the secondary shaft the centrifugal governor deflects thereby causing the pawl to release the toothed rim 7 so as to allow the blade ring 5 to rotate freely at theSpeed determinedv by the blade position, without yielding any work.

The secondary wheel will thus together with its blade ring 5 form a slowly running turbine disk of large turning moment, while .with, the blade ring 5 released the secondary wheel will represent a more efficient turbine wheel as far as the maximum speed is concerned, with a turning moment corresponding to said speed.

In Fig. 3 of'the drawing the line a represents the turning moment of the transformer in Fig. 1 as obtained when the ring 5 is coupled to the wheel 4. Theline b represents the turning moment as obtained when the ring 5 is released from the wheel 4. The curve 0 represents the output corresponding to the moment representedby the line a, and the'curve 03 represents the output corresponding to the moment represented by the line b.

The resulting output curve (indicated by rot zero parabolically, a braking of the driven shaft of the above described apparatus so as to prevent said shaft from rotation will result in a considerable and automatic increase of the turning moment up to a magnitude several times as large as the normal moment,

output.

while maintaining the efficiency substantially constant within a broader speed range. This means that an apparatus constructed on the principles above set forth is especially adapt ed for the propelling of vehicles, requiring high starting moments. In a power driven vehicle, as an automobile, the change speed gear may, thus, be substituted with advantage by the above described type of mechanism. The operation is in .such case somewhat as follows:

When an automobile running on a horizontal road reaches a rise the maximum power of the engine may be utilized by causing the engine to run at full number of revolutions, while the turning moment required to act on the driving wheels automatically adjusts itself to that value. corresponding to the rise and the engine power The structure above described having divided blades may, as stated, also be applied to water turbines and rotary pumps (centrifugal pumps), gas turbines, compressors and the like. As far as turbines are concerned the invention enables variation of the number of revolutions and the turning moment. As regards centrifugal pumps the lifting height and amount of water lifted may be. varied.

What I claim is:

1. In ,a fluid device, blade wheels, a fluid channel in said wheels, blades on said wheels having independently movable portions, conjcentric members carrying said movable portions, and a common shaft carrying said members, said members being adapted to be locked to said shaft so as to rotate therewith, or be released therefrom so as to rotate independently thereof.

2. In a fluid device, blade wheels, a fluid channel in said wheels, blades on said wheels having independently movable portions, concentric members carrying said movable portions, a commonshaft carrying said members, and means adapted to lock said members to said shaft or release them therefrom.

3. In a fluid device, blade wheels, a fluid channel in said wheels, blades on said wheels having independently movable portion, concentric members carrying said portions, a common shaft carrying said members, a

ratchet mechanism to lock said members to said shaft or release them therefrom, and a control mechanism to automatically control the operation of said ratchet mechanism.

4; In a fluid device, blade wheels, a fluid channel in said wheels, blades on said wheels having independently movable portions, concentric members carrying said portions. a common shaft carrying said members, a ratchet mechanism to lock said members to said'shaft or release them therefrom, and a centrifugal governor to control the opera-' tion of said ratchet mechanism.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name.

ANTENOR NYDQVIST. 

